Neuronal calcium sensor

Neuronal Calcium Sensor is a large family of proteins which work as calcium dependent molecular switches and includes members like Frequenin (NCS1), recoverin, GCAP, neurocalcin, visinin etc ^[1]. All the members carry 4 EF hand motifs (out of which only 2 or 3 bind calcium) and an N-myristoyl group.^[2]

Members of NCS family

Highly evolutionarily conserved ^[3]

NCS1 (Frequenin)
VILIP-1 (Visinin-like-protein-1)
HPCAL4 (Visinin-like-protein-2)
HPCAL1 (Visinin-like-protein-3)
hippocalcin
neurocalcin
recoverin
Guanylate cyclase activator proteins (GCAPs)
Potassium Channel interacting proteins (KChIPs 1-4), including:

KCNIP1, KCNIP2, Calsenilin or DREAM/KChIP-3/KCNIP3 (downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator/potassium channel interacting protein), KCNIP4

References

^ Burgoyne RD (2007). "Neuronal calcium sensor proteins: generating diversity in neuronal Ca2+ signalling". Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 8 (3): 182–193. doi:10.1038/nrn2093. PMC 1887812. PMID 17311005. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1887812.
^ Burgoyne RD, O'Callaghan DW, Hasdemir B, Haynes LP, Tepikin AV (2004). "Neuronal Ca2+-sensor proteins: multitalented regulators of neuronal function". Trends Neurosci. 27 (4): 203–9. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2004.01.010. PMID 15046879.
^ Weiss JL, Hui H, Burgoyne RD (2010). "Neuronal calcium sensor-1 regulation of calcium channels, secretion, and neuronal outgrowth.". Cell Mol Neurobiol. 30 (8): 1283–92. doi:10.1007/s10571-010-9588-7. PMID 21104311.

External links

Cell signaling: calcium signaling / calcium metabolism

Cell membrane

Ion pumps	SERCA · Sodium-calcium exchanger

Cell membrane calcium channels	VDCC · TRP · NMDA receptor · AMPA receptor · 5-HT3 receptor · P2X purinoreceptor

Adhesion molecules	Cadherin

Other	Calcium-sensing receptor

Intracellular signaling
& calc. regulation

Second messengers	IP3 · NAADP · cADPR

Store gates (ligand gated calcium channel)	IP3 receptor · CICR (Ryanodine receptor)

Molecular switches, and kinases	Troponin C · Calmodulin · CaM kinases · PKC · NCS

Chelators and calcium sensors	Calbindin · S100 · pervalbumin · Calretinin · Calsequestrin · Sarcalumenin · Phospholamban · Synaptotagmins

Proteases	Calpain

Cytoskeleton remodeling proteins	Gelsolin

Chaperones	Calreticulin · Calnexin

Other	Vitamin D

Calcium-binding
protein domains

EF hand domain · C2 domain

Extracellular ligands

Parathyroid hormone · Calcitonin

Calcium-binding proteins

Intracellular calcium-sensing proteins	Calmodulin - Calnexin - Calreticulin - Gelsolin - neuronal (Hippocalcin, Neurocalcin, Recoverin)

Membrane protein	Annexin (A1, A2, A5) Fibulin (FBLN1, FBLN2, FBLN5) Vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein/Calbindin - Calexcitin - Calsequestrin - Osteocalcin - Osteonectin - S-100 - Synaptotagmin

Cytoskeleton	Troponin C

Extracellular matrix	Matrix gla protein

B trdu: iter (nrpl/grfl/cytl/horl), csrc (lgic, enzr, gprc, igsr, intg, nrpr/grfr/cytr), itra (adap, gbpr, mapk), calc, lipd; path (hedp, wntp, tgfp+mapp, notp, jakp, fsap, hipp, tlrp)

Protein: nerve tissue protein

Synuclein

Alpha-synuclein · Beta-synuclein · Gamma-synuclein

Other

Agrin · Chimerin · Granin (Chromogranin A, B) · FMR1 · Gap-43 protein · GLUT3 · Myelin · Brain natriuretic peptide · Nerve growth factor · SCG5 · Neurogranin · Neuronal calcium sensor · Neuropeptide · Olfactory marker protein · S-100 protein (Calgranulin) · Synapsin (1, 2, 3) · Synaptophysin · Tubulin · GPM6A

M: CNS

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

M: PNS

anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1B)